Rule B.4: First Case or Statute Mention in the Main Text

The first time a case of statute name appears in the main text, TLR uses the full case/statute name, with no abbreviations, in the textual sentence. There must be a citation to the case in a footnote to the sentence. If the citation sentence includes other authorities, TLR prefers that this case citation appear first. The same rule applies to statutes. This is a TLR rule that does not appear in the Bluebook. The case/statute citation may be a short citation if the full citation is found within the five preceding footnotes or the citation may be Id. if appropriate. Follow Bluebook 4.1 for uses of Id.

EXAMPLES:

In Monell v. Department of Social Services, the Supreme Court established that municipalities may be held liable for violating individuals’ civil rights.¹

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¹Monell v. Dep’t of Soc. Serv., 436 U.S. 658 (1978); see also Lozman v. City of Riviera Beach, 138 S. Ct. 1945, 1956 (2018) (Thomas, J., dissenting).

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